Some people experience difficulty using speech to express their needs, thoughts, or feelings. This can affect daily interactions, learning, and independence.
Without a reliable way to communicate, people may face frustration, isolation, or reduced access to services and relationships. Communication support must match the person’s strengths, needs, and preferences.
This guide explains what augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is, how it works, and what tools are available. It also outlines tips for supporting people who use AAC in everyday conversations.
What AAC Means and Who It Supports
Augmentative and alternative communication includes any method used to support or replace spoken communication. This may involve gestures, facial expressions, writing, signs, pictures, symbols, or speech-generating devices.
AAC is not only for people who are non-verbal. It also helps people with speech delays, language disorders, brain injury, autism, cerebral palsy, and progressive conditions. Some people use AAC all the time, while others use it only in certain situations.
Methods can be used alone or in combination. The best approach depends on a person’s communication goals, physical ability, and environment.
Low Tech AAC Options
Low tech AAC tools do not require batteries or electronics. These include paper-based methods and visual aids used for everyday communication. Examples include:
- Picture cards or symbol boards used to point to choices or needs
- Communication books with tabs or categories
- Charts showing common routines, emotions, or requests
- Written words, drawings, or gestures used to support understanding
These tools are low cost, portable, and easy to customise. They are often used in home, school, and community settings where quick access to communication is needed.
Low tech AAC can be a standalone method or a backup to high tech devices.
High Tech AAC Devices
High tech AAC tools use electronic systems to support speech or generate voice output. These are often used when more advanced features are needed, such as storing messages, linking to vocabulary, or supporting different access methods.
Examples include:
- Speech-generating devices with customisable screens
- Tablets or iPads using communication apps
- Devices that respond to touch, switches, or eye gaze input
- Systems that allow message building for daily use
These devices are often used by people who need a consistent and adaptable communication method. They can store frequently used phrases, support complex conversations, and allow users to interact in various settings.
Key Word Sign and Visual Support
Key Word Sign is a form of visual communication that uses selected signs from Auslan to support key words in a sentence. It is used alongside spoken words, not in place of them.
This method is often used in early learning, disability support, and therapy settings. It helps reinforce meaning, supports understanding, and encourages interaction for people who benefit from visual cues.
Key Word Sign is different from full Auslan. It does not follow the same grammar or structure, and it focuses only on important words in a message.
Signs can be combined with facial expressions, pointing, and gestures to improve clarity during communication.
Tips for Supporting AAC Users
Supporting someone who uses AAC requires time, patience, and understanding. Here are some helpful tips for daily communication:
- Allow extra time for the person to respond or build a message
- Ask how they prefer to communicate and follow their lead
- Avoid guessing or interrupting unless requested
- Wait quietly while the person uses their device or board
- Focus on the message, not the method used to deliver it
- Include them in conversations and group discussions
- Use respectful language and avoid assumptions about ability
Each AAC user will have different needs. The best way to support them is to ask what works and be open to adjusting how you communicate.
FAQs
Is AAC only for people who cannot speak at all?
No. AAC also supports people who have unclear speech, delayed language, or who are only able to speak some of the time.
Can AAC be used by children and adults?
Yes. AAC can support people of any age, depending on their communication needs and preferences.
Does AAC replace speech completely?
Not always. Some people use AAC alongside speech to improve clarity or reduce frustration.
Are AAC devices funded through the NDIS?
Yes. AAC systems may be funded under NDIS plans if considered reasonable and necessary for communication support.
Can AAC methods be used at home and in the community?
Yes. AAC is designed to support communication across everyday settings including school, home, work, and public spaces.
Need Help with AAC Support?
ConnectAbility Australia supports people who use AAC and those exploring new communication tools. Contact us to discuss options that fit your needs or the needs of someone you support.